Dr Chris Callaghan

Dr Chris Callaghan (FHEA; UKCGE Recognised Research Supervisor) is an Economist with a specialist focus on Artificial Intelligence, innovation systems, and technological change. He is a Senior Lecturer in the School of Economics, Finance and Law in the Faculty of Business and Law at Anglia Ruskin University.

He is Director of the Economics of Artificial Intelligence Research Laboratory (EARL), based within the Centre for Inclusive Societies and Economies (CISE). Dr Callaghan's research investigates how AI causally transforms jobs, work, society, and the economy. His central focus is the economics of ideation, and how AI collapses the cost of knowledge creation and problem-solving, disrupting established theories of growth, innovation, and institutional change, with implications for technological unemployment, sustainability, and inclusive development.

Accordingly, his research centres on how falling ideation costs, driven by AI, are reshaping the economy and society, and what this means for the future of jobs, institutions, and sustainable human development.

Dr Callaghan is also co‑Director of the DBA Programme, where he serves as Module Leader for both Research Methods modules, with responsibility for the full methods curriculum and teaching on the programme. His teaching and supervision emphasise rigorous research design and causal reasoning, and focus on advancing knowledge through leading‑edge quantitative and qualitative methodologies.

He has previously held a range of academic leadership roles, including Assistant Dean, Director of a Faculty research unit, and Professor of Management, and has supervised over 100 completed research projects across honours, masters, doctoral, and postdoctoral levels.

Methodologically, he has expertise in econometrics, quantitative survey research, structural equation modelling, scale development and validation, as well as qualitative research methods. Prospective students are welcome to reach out to discuss potential supervision.

Chris has published in international journals, including European Management Review (CABS 3*; Impact Factor 3.4), Technological Forecasting and Social Change (CABS 3*; Impact Factor 13.3), International Business Review (CABS 3*; Impact Factor 6.1), Psychological Research (CABS 3*; Impact Factor 2.3), British Medical Bulletin (Impact Factor 5.4), International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction (Impact Factor 4.5), Heliyon (Impact Factor 3.6), Personnel Review (CABS 2*; Impact Factor 4.2; 3 articles), Futures (CABS 2*; Impact Factor 3.8), Critical Perspectives on International Business (CABS 2*; Impact Factor 2.3), Journal of the Theory of Social Behaviour (Impact Factor 1.6), International Journal of Business Innovation and Research (CABS 1*; 2 articles), Acta Commercii (CABS 1*; 7 articles), and Cogent Business and Management (CABS 1*), as well as some local/regionally focused journals such as South African Journal of Science (Impact Factor 2.3), African Health Sciences (Impact Factor 0.9), Development Southern Africa (Impact Factor 1.442; 2 articles), South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences (Impact Factor 0.84; 5 articles), the South African Journal of Business Management (CABS 1*; Impact Factor 1.2; 2 articles), and the South African Journal of Accounting Research (CABS 1*; 3 articles). He has also published in other IBSS, Scopus, and nationally indexed journals.

His supervision students have published in journals such as Psychological Research (IF 2.3 ABS 3), Personnel Review (IF 4.2 ABS 2), Heliyon (IF 3.6), Maritime Economics & Logistics (ABS 1), Acta Commercii (four articles ABS 1), and SAJEMS (3 articles IF 0.84).

Note: Journal impact factors change over time and figures above reflect available data at the time of writing. One might be advised to consult current Journal Citation Reports for the latest metrics.

• Economics
• Finance/Growth
• Artificial Intelligence (AI)
• Economics of Artificial Intelligence
• Digital Transformation
• Innovation
• Innovation Systems
• Technological Change
• Scientific Systems
• Causality
• Causal Mapping and Analysis of Complex Systems
• Metascience
• Qualitative and Quantitative Techniques and Methods
• Philosophy of Science, Ontology, and Epistemology

Areas of expertise:

• Economics
• Economics of Artificial Intelligence
• Causal Modelling
• Innovation Systems
• Technological Change
• Scientific Systems
• Digital Transformation
• Metascience
• International Business
• Advanced Qualitative and Quantitative Research Methods

• Artificial Intelligence
• Economics of Artificial Intelligence
• Digital Transformation
• Technology in organisations and societies
• AI and Firm/Economic Performance
• DBA topics relating to Causal Analysis of Businesses and Complex Systems

• Co-Director DBA Programme
• DBA Methods Module Leader and Lecturer: Advanced Professional Practice Research Problem and Theory MOD008119
• DBA Methods Module Leader and Lecturer: Advanced Research Methods in a Business Context MOD008120
• Masters Research Supervisor MOD007701
• PhD and DBA Supervisor

• Doctor of Philosophy (Management), University of Witwatersrand
• Doctor of Philosophy (Economics), University of Johannesburg
• Master of Commerce (Management) with Distinction, University of Witwatersrand
• Honours Bachelor of Commerce (Business Management), University of South Africa
• Honours Bachelor of Commerce (Economics), University of South Africa
• Bachelor of Commerce, University of South Africa
• Postgraduate Certificate in Education, University of South Africa
• Postgraduate Diploma in Tertiary Education, University of South Africa

• Associate Editor Humanities and Social Sciences Communications (a Nature Portfolio Journal)

• Callaghan, C. W. (2026). Probabilistic Innovation Methodology: A Scientific Methodology for Real‑Time Problem Solving in Complex Systems. Formalising Crowdsourced R&D, Hackathon‑type search, and Epistemic Mode Transitions. EARL Working Paper.
• Callaghan, C. W. (2026). The Causal Theoretical Twin Architecture (CTTA): A unified PDE–HJB–ABM Framework for Multi‑Scale Causal Analysis in Complex Systems. EARL Working Paper.
• Callaghan, C. W. (2026). Why Science Needs Causal Problem Modelling. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=6249578 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6249578
• Callaghan, C. W. (2025). The Post-Circular Economy: How AI Collapses Ideation Costs and Redefines Sustainability Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=5614292 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5614292
• Callaghan, C. W. (2025). Solving the Human–AI Goal Alignment Problem: Insights from Arrow–Debreu Alignment, Experiential Matrix Theory, and AI Safety Modelling. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=5536962 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5536962
• Callaghan, C. W. (2025). Dematerialization and the Future of Services: Baumol Inversion and Environmental Sustainability. Artificial Intelligence and the Shift Toward Low-Footprint Prosperity. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=5494048 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5494048
• Callaghan, C. W. (2025). How Might AI Reshape Scientific Discovery?
• Modelling the Collapse of Ideation Costs, Epistemic Inversion, Knowledge Abundance, and a Possible Transition to the Post Science Paradigm of Human-AI Alignment over Scarcity-Based Optimisation. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=5351515 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5351515
• Callaghan, C. W. (2025). Rethinking Growth and the Future of Work: The Alignment Economy as a General Theory of Human-Centered AI (February 26, 2025). Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=5269022 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5269022
• Callaghan, C.W. (2025) A General Theory of Growth, Employment, and Technological Change: Experiential Matrix Theory and the Transition from GDP to Humanist Experiential Growth in the Age of Artificial Intelligence. ArXiv. Available at: https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.19045
• Callaghan, C.W. (2025). The Post Science Paradigm of Scientific Discovery in the Era of Artificial Intelligence: Modelling the Collapse of Ideation Costs, Epistemic Inversion, and the End of Knowledge Scarcity. ArXiv: Available at https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.07019
• Callaghan, C. W. (2022). The Fifth Industrial Revolution: An Unfolding Knowledge Productivity Revolution. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4307753 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4307753
• Callaghan, C. W., and Mitchell, A. 2024. Published online. Environmental sustainability and management theory development. Post-paradigm insights from the Anthropocene. European Management Review, 21(3), 520–532. https://doi.org/10.1111/emre.12567 (Impact Factor 3; CABS3)
• Van Staden, J., and Callaghan, C. W. 2022. An Evaluation of the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test’s Psychometric Properties. Psychological Research, 86, 2289-2300. (Impact Factor 2.539; CABS 3)
• Adriano, J. A., and Callaghan, C. W. 2022. Published Online. Retention and Turnover of Staff undertaking Degree Studies: Insights and Evidence from South Africa. Personnel Review. (Impact factor: 3.434; CABS 2)
• Callaghan, C.W. 2022. Lessons and insights from the Global Productivity Slowdown: A Research Management Agenda. African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development, 14(5), 1265-1273.
• Callaghan, C. W. 2021. Consequences of deindustrialisation for globalisation: Insights for International Business. International Business Review, 30(3), 1-17. (Impact Factor 5.915; CABS 3)
• Callaghan, C. W. 2021. Accepted. Growth contributions of Technological Change: Is there a Burden of Knowledge Effect? Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 172, 121076. (Impact Factor 8.593; CABS 3)
• Callaghan, C.W. 2021. The Global Productivity Growth and Research Productivity Declines: The (urgent) need for a ‘Fifth Industrial Revolution’ Imperative. International Journal of Business Innovation and Research, 24(2), 197-217. (CABS 1)
• Tregenna, F., Nell, K., and Callaghan, C.W. 2021. (Book Chapter) Determinants of Industrial Development. In Foster-McGregor, N., Alcorta, L., Szirmai, A., and Verspagen, B. (Eds.) New Perspectives on Structural Change and Consequences of Structural Change in the Global Economy. Pp. 378-406. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
• Papageorgiou, E., and Callaghan, C.W. 2020. Accounting learning skills and student performance in Accounting Education: Evidence from the South African context. Accounting Education, 29(2), 205-228. (CABS 2)
• Padia, N., and Callaghan, C. 2020. Published online. Executive Director Remuneration and Company Performance: Panel Evidence from South Africa for the years following King III. Personnel Review, 50(3), 829-844. (Impact factor: 3.434; CABS 2)
• Rubin, A., and Callaghan, C. 2020. Propensity to adopt new technologies and research productivity in a developing country context. International Journal of Business Innovation and Research, 22(4), 546-568. (CABS 1)
• Callaghan, C.W., and Nicholson, D.R. 2020. Published online. Predatory Publishing and Predatory Journals: A Critical Review and Proposed Research Agenda for Higher Education. Journal of Further and Higher Education, 44(10), 1433-1449.
• Adriano, J., and Callaghan, C.W. 2020. Work-life balance, job satisfaction and retention: Turnover intentions of professionals in part-time study. South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences, 23(1), a3028. (Impact Factor 0.84).
• Callaghan, C.W. 2019. Transcending the threshold limitation: A Fifth Industrial Revolution? Management Research Review, 43(4), 447-461.
• Callaghan, C.W. 2019. Critical perspectives on international pharmaceutical innovation: Malthus, Foucault and resistance. Critical Perspectives on International Business, 15(1), 68-86. (CABS 2)
• Callaghan, C.W., Callaghan, N.C., and Jogee, R. 2019. Inequality in Healthcare R&D Outcomes: A Model of Process Disruption. Development Southern Africa, 36(6), 874-888. (Impact Factor 1.691)
• Callaghan, C.W. 2019. Pseudoscience in Medicine: Cautionary Recommendations. African Health Sciences, 19(4), 3118-3126. (Impact Factor 0.842)
• Callaghan, C.W. 2019. Rothwell’s augmented generations of innovation theory: Novel insights and a proposed research agenda. South African Journal of Business Management, 50(1), 1-8. (Impact Factor 0.84; CABS 1)
• Rubin, A., and Callaghan, C.W. 2019. Entrepreneurial orientation, technological propensity and academic research productivity. Heliyon, 5(8), e02328. (Impact Factor 3.776)
• Callaghan, C.W. 2019. Lakatos Revisited: Innovation and ‘Novel Facts’ as a Foundational Logic for the Social Sciences in an Era of ‘Post-Truth’ and Pseudoscience. Cogent Business and Management, 6, 1-18. (CABS 1)
• Callaghan, C.W. 2019. Strategic Innovation. In Louw, L., and Venter, P. Strategic Management. Oxford University Press.
• Callaghan, C. 2018. Precarious labour in South African academia. Global Labour Journal, 9(1), 82-91.
• Callaghan, C.W. 2018. Surviving a technological future: Technological proliferation and modes of discovery. Futures, 104, 100-116. (Impact Factor 3.788; CABS 2)
• Callaghan, C.W. 2018. A review of South Africa’s National Research Foundation’s ratings methodology from a social science perspective. South African Journal of Science, 114(3/4), 1-7. (Impact Factor 2.134)
• Callaghan, C.W. 2018. Developing the transdisciplinary aging research agenda: New developments in Big Data. Current Aging Science, 11(1), 33-44.
• Papageorgiou, E., and Callaghan, C.W. 2018. Parental Style and Gendered Student Performance in the South African context of Accounting Studies. Accounting Education, 27(5), 456-478. (CABS 2)
• Papageorgiou, E., and Callaghan, C.W. 2018. Personality and adjustment in South African higher education accounting studies. South African Journal of Accounting Research, 32(2-3), 189-204. (CABS 1)
• Callaghan, C.W. 2017. Gender Moderation of Intrinsic Research Productivity Antecedents in South African Academia. Personnel Review, 46(3), 572-592. (Impact factor: 3.434; CABS 2)
• Callaghan, C.W. 2017. Contemporary insights from Social Sciences Theory: Implications for Management. South African Journal of Business Management, 48(4), 35-45. (Impact Factor 0.84; CABS 1)
• Pendehama, V., Padia, N., and Callaghan, C.W. 2017. Audit Fee Premium: The Potential Effect of King III. South African Journal of Accounting Research, 31(2), 83-101. (CABS 1)
• Callaghan, C.W. 2017. The Probabilistic Innovation Theoretical Framework. South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences, 20(1), 1-10. (Impact Factor 0.84).
• Callaghan, C.W. 2017. Scientific real time research problem solving and pharmaceutical innovation. African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development, 9(4), 425-435.
• Callaghan, C.W. 2016. Disaster Management, Crowdsourced R&D and Probabilistic Innovation Theory: Toward Real Time Disaster Response Capability. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 17, 238-250. (Impact Factor 4.842)
• Muchemwa, R., Padia, N., and Callaghan, C.W. 2016. Board Composition, Board Size and Financial Performance of Johannesburg Stock Exchange Companies. South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences, 19(4), 497-513. (Impact Factor 0.84).
• Callaghan, C.W., and Papageorgiou, E. 2015. Gender differences in Locus of Control and Student Performance in the South African context of Accounting Studies. Meditari, 23(3), 348-368. (CABS 1)
• Callaghan, C.W. 2015. Crowdsourced R&D and Medical Research. British Medical Bulletin, 115, 1-10. (Impact Factor 5.841)
• Marcia, A., Maroun, W., and Callaghan, C. 2015. Value Relevance and Corporate Responsibility Reporting in the South African context: An alternative view post King-III. South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences, 18(4), 500-518. (Impact Factor 0.84).

• Mifsud, A., Sanchez-Vasquez, A., and Callaghan, C. W. 2022. Application of Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) as a route to overcoming barriers in designing Circular Economy (CE) educational material. The International Conference on Sustainable Design and Manufacturing. Split, Croatia, 14-16 September.
• Sanchez-Vazquez, A., Mifsud, A., and Callaghan, C. W. 2022. Training and skills development for the Circular Economy in the current geopolitical context: a bottom-up design focused on community need and social enterprise. The International Conference on Sustainable Design and Manufacturing. Split, Croatia, 14-16 September.
• Callaghan, C. W., and Boodhoo, S. 2022. Politics and Innovation. British Academy of Management Conference, 31August- 2 September, Manchester, United Kingdom.
• Callaghan, C. W. 2022. Does Culture Affect Disaster Response? Knowledge and Learning Implications of Covid-19. British Academy of Management Conference, 31August- 2 September, Manchester, United Kingdom.
• Volker, C., and Callaghan, C. W. 2022. The role of Endowments and Behaviours in Street Trader Upliftment within the City of Johannesburg. Southern Africa Institute of Management Scientists Conference, 11-13 September, East London, South Africa.
• Callaghan, C.W., and Boodhoo, S. 2021. National Innovation Systems effects of Political Ideology. Irish Academy of Management Conference, 25^th- 26^th August, Waterford, Ireland.
• Callaghan, C.W., and Boodhoo, S. 2021. Revisiting Nelson’s Moon and the Ghetto Conversation: The Wicked Problem of Research Failure in the Wake of the COVID-19 Pandemic. British Academy of Management Conference. Conference in the Cloud.
• Callaghan, C.W. 2019. Is postgraduate supervision values-driven? A test of GLOBE and Schwartz value theory in the context of South African postgraduate supervision. Postgraduate Supervision Conference. Stellenbosch, South Africa, 26-29 March.
• Mitchell, A., and Callaghan, C.W. 2019. Building environmental sustainability into management theory development and practice: An imperative in uncertain times? British Academy of Management Conference, Birmingham, 3-5 September.
• Callaghan, C.W. 2019. Causes of the global productivity slowdown: Revisiting the role of Managerial research. British Academy of Management Conference, Birmingham, 3-5 September.
• Callaghan, C.W. 2019. The Fifth Industrial Revolution? A provocative description of a novel phenomenon. British Academy of Management Conference, Birmingham, 3-5 September.
• Callaghan, C.W. 2019. Trends in methodologies of published articles: Implications for Management and Business Scholars. 18^th European Conference on Research Methodology for Business and Management Studies. Johannesburg, South Africa, 20-21 June.
• Callaghan, C.W. 2019. Did deindustrialisation cause a global ‘retreat’ from globalisation? Insights from Granger Non-Causality tests and implications for international business. Irish Academy of Management Conference, Dublin, Ireland, 29-30 August. Best Paper in International Business Track.
• Adriano, J., and Callaghan, C.W. 2019. Work, family and evening degree classes: Moderators of the work life balance conflict/withdrawal intentions relationship. Irish Academy of Management Conference, Dublin, Ireland, 29-30 August.
• Callaghan, C.W., and Jogee, R. 2019. Deindustrialisation and poverty: Evidence from income and regional country panel testing. African Review of Economics and Finance Conference, Johannesburg, 29-30 August.
• Callaghan, C.W., and Jogee, R. 2019. Did deindustrialisation cause Trump and Brexit? African Review of Economics and Finance Conference, Johannesburg, 29-30 August. AK Fosu Prize for Best Paper. 
• Callaghan, C.W. 2019. The Fifth Industrial Revolution (What happened to the Fourth)? Implications for Responsible Management. Southern Africa Institute for Management Scientists Conference, Port Elizabeth, 8-11 September.
• Padia, N., and Callaghan, C.W. 2019. The Good, Bad, and the Ugly: Relationships between different forms of Company Performance and Executive Director Remuneration. Evidence from the Johannesburg Stock Exchange, South Africa, for the period 2010-2017. Southern Africa Institute for Management Scientists Conference, Port Elizabeth, 8-11 September.
• Callaghan, C.W. 2019. Lakatos Revisited: ‘Novel Facts’ as a foundational logic for research management in an era of ‘Post-Truth’ and ‘Pseudoscience.’ International Business Conference, Hermanus, South Africa, 22-25 September.
• Adriano, A., and Callaghan, C.W. 2019. The retention and turnover of employees with high innovativeness undergoing part-time degree studies: Insights and evidence from South Africa. International Business Conference, Hermanus, 22-25 September.
• Callaghan, C.W. 2018. The ‘Death of Innovation’ Paradox: Novel Theoretical Insights. British Academy of Management Conference, Bristol Business School, University of the West of England, United Kingdom, 4-6 September.
• Callaghan, C.W. 2018. Rothwell’s augmented theory of knowledge and learning: Novel developments and long term societal impacts. British Academy of Management Conference, Bristol Business School, University of the West of England, United Kingdom, 4-6 September. 
• Callaghan, C.W. 2018. Antibiotic resistance conceptualised as ‘microbial learning’ versus ‘R&D learning’: Methodological insights from Crowdsourced R&D theory. British Academy of Management Conference, Bristol Business School, University of the West of England, United Kingdom, 4-6 September.
• Callaghan, C.W. 2018. The revolutionary potential of economics of scope and scale in the research process: does Crowdsourced R&D offer an answer to innovation failure? Annual African Review of Economics and Finance (AREF) conference, Wits Business School, University of the Witwatersrand, 22-23 August 2018.
• Callaghan, C.W. 2018. The ‘Fourth Industrial Revolution,’ or ‘Death of Innovation’? A critical review of a paradox in Innovation Theory. Annual African Review of Economics and Finance (AREF) conference, Wits Business School, University of the Witwatersrand, 22-23 August 2018.
• Callaghan, C.W. 2018. The ‘Fourth Industrial Revolution,’ Endogenous Growth Theory and decreasing returns to innovation over time: Novel insights from theory.  Annual Southern Africa Institute of Management Scientists (SAIMS) Conference, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa, 16-19 September. (2^nd Place Best Paper Award)
• Callaghan, C.W. 2018. The management of innovation: A portfolio perspective interpretation of technological change. Annual Southern Africa Institute of Management Scientists (SAIMS) Conference, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa, 16-19 September.
• Mohalajeng, L.E., and Callaghan, C.W. 2018. Crowdsourced R&D: The solution to radical cost efficiency and effectiveness of innovation processes. Annual Southern Africa Institute of Management Scientists (SAIMS) Conference, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa, 16-19 September.
• Papageorgiou, E., and Callaghan, C.W. 2018. Academic adjustment and student academic performance across four study cohorts in the South African context of Accounting Studies. International Association for Accounting Education & Research. 13^th World Congress of Accounting Educators and Researchers. Sydney University, Sydney, Australia, 8-10 November.
• Papageorgiou, E., and Callaghan, C.W. 2018. Accounting skills endowments and consequences of the 2015/2016 #FeesMustFall and #RhodesMustFall student protests at a large South African University. Southern African Accounting Association Teaching and Learning in Accountancy Conference, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, 6-7 December 2018.
• Callaghan, C.W. 2017. What are the determinants of successful postgraduate supervision? Can they be managed? British Academy of Management Conference, University of Warwick, 5-7 September 2017.
• Callaghan, C.W. 2017. The Knowledge Aggregation Problem: Shaping the new Research Agenda. British Academy of Management Conference, University of Warwick, 5-7 September 2017.
• Jogee, R., Callaghan, N., and Callaghan, C.W. 2017. Student acculturation in the South African University Milieu: Management lessons for Multicultural Contexts. British Academy of Management Conference, University of Warwick, 5-7 September 2017.
• Callaghan, C.W. 2017. NRF Researcher Ratings in Management: Is Science really serving practice? Annual Southern Africa Institute of Management Scientists (SAIMS) Conference, Bloemfontein, South Africa, 10-12 September.
• Callaghan, C.W. 2017. Rothwell revisited: Reconceptualising management research as knowledge production. Annual Southern Africa Institute of Management Scientists (SAIMS) Conference, Bloemfontein, South Africa, 10-12 September.
• Jogee, R., Callaghan, C.W., and Callaghan, N. 2017. The first-year experience: student acculturation in the South African context. Proceedings of the 2017 Scholarship of Teaching and Learning (SoTL) in the South Conference, Johannesburg 24-27 July.
• Callaghan, C.W. 2016. Managing in uncertain and resource restricted times: Burrell and Morgan revisited. Contemporary insights and implications for Management. Southern Africa Institute of Management Scientists (SAIMS) Annual Conference, 5-7 September, Pretoria, South Africa.
• Callaghan, C.W. 2016. Gendered motivational values effects and academic job performance: Implications for management theory and practice. Southern Africa Institute of Management Scientists (SAIMS) Annual Conference, 5-7 September, Pretoria, South Africa.
• Papageorgiou, E., and Callaghan, C.W. 2016. Personality and maladjustment in South African accounting studies: Implications for Management. British Academy of Management Conference. 6-8 September. Newcastle, UK. (CP)
• Callaghan, C.W. 2016. Thriving in turbulent times: Probabilistic innovation and criteria for a developing scientific field of study. British Academy of Management Conference. 6-8 September. Newcastle, UK. (CP)
• Papageorgiou, E., and Callaghan, C.W. 2016. Personality, Gender and Student Performance in South African Tertiary Accountancy Context of Diminishing Exclusion. University of Johannesburg Value 2016 Conference, 22-24 May.
• Jogee, R., and Callaghan, C.W. 2016. Student mall shopping preferences and mall spending in the Johannesburg context. BESSH, Turkey.
• Coldwell, D.A.L., Papageorgiou, E., Callaghan, C.W., and Fried, A. 2015. Communality in diverse settings? An exploratory cross-cultural study of academic citizenship and wellbeing. British Academy of Management Conference, 8-9 September, Portsmouth, UK. (CP) 
• Callaghan, C.W. 2015. Swarm Intelligence, collective intelligence and the crowd: A new paradigm in knowledge management. Southern Africa Institute of Management Scientists (SAIMS) Annual Conference, 30 August-1 September, Cape Town, South Africa. (CP)
• Callaghan, C.W. 2015. Differences between academic disciplines: Implications for Management. Southern Africa Institute of Management Scientists (SAIMS) Annual Conference, 30 August-1 September, Cape Town, South Africa. (CP)
• Merino, A., and Callaghan, C.W. 2015. A Test of the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ) and its relationship with Student Performance in the context of South African Accounting Studies. American Accounting Association Conference, 8-12 August, Chicago, USA. 
• Goldman, G.A., and Callaghan, C.W. 2015. A holistic synthesis of the theory of the organisation. 10th International Scientific and Practical Conference in L'viv, Ukraine, 20-22 May. 
• Papageorgiou, E., and Callaghan, C.W. 2015. Accounting students' adaptation to university at a large African university. International Association for Accounting Education and Research Conference. East London, South Africa, 29 June to 1 July.