Fireworks cause stress and disruption to birds
New study reveals corvids behaved erratically in response to firework displays
Corvids flying over Berlin during a fireworks display - photograph by co-author Westley Hennigh-Palermo
A new study has revealed that firework displays cause significant distress to urban birds, prompting calls for greater awareness of wildlife welfare ahead of Bonfire Night.
Researchers from Anglia Ruskin University (ARU) observed mixed-species flocks of corvids including hooded crows, rooks and jackdaws during New Year’s Eve celebrations.
Their findings, published in the journal Behaviour, found the birds exhibited erratic flight patterns, abandoned usual roosting sites and gathered in unusual locations hours before midnight, behaviours authors say suggest prolonged stress and disruption.
The study, led by Professor Claudia Wascher of Anglia Ruskin University, highlights how firework noise and light pollution can trigger fear responses in birds, even before the main displays begin.
Although the study was conducted in Berlin, researchers say the findings are highly relevant to UK cities, where Bonfire Night and New Year’s Eve celebrations often involve widespread use of fireworks in residential areas.
“We saw birds flying in circles, changing direction frequently, and avoiding their regular roosting trees. These behaviours are consistent with signs of distress and fear.
“We know that flying in the dark can lead to disorientation and collisions among these birds. It also disrupts rest and increases energy expenditure, which can affect survival and reproduction.
“Urban corvids in the UK, such as crows and jackdaws, are similarly exposed to firework activity. Given their behavioural similarities, we expect comparable responses here.
“With Bonfire Night approaching, we urge the public to consider the impact of fireworks on urban wildlife. Simple measures, such as limiting displays to shorter durations or using silent fireworks, could make a meaningful difference.”
Claudia Wascher, Professor of Behavioural Biology at Anglia Ruskin UniversityThe study adds to growing evidence that fireworks pose risks not only to pets and livestock, but also to wild animals. Previous research has shown that geese fly higher and further during firework events, while songbirds lose sleep and increase nocturnal activity. Weather radar data has even recorded a thousand-fold increase in birds taking flight on New Year’s Eve compared to other nights.
Animal welfare groups have long campaigned for quieter, low-impact alternatives to traditional fireworks. The RSPCA has previously called for tighter regulations and public awareness campaigns to reduce harm to animals.