Biology is a wide-ranging scientific field, and encompasses the study of all life on Earth. A thorough understanding of the underlying principles of biology will pave the path for your course and is crucial for in a career in the biological sciences. We will start at the beginning of life on Earth, exploring theories of the origins of life and the various theories of evolution. You will study organisms from all the major groups of life, including microbes, plants and animals, and how they arose. We will integrate core principles from other scientific disciplines, particularly chemistry, physics and geology as they are fundamental to understanding biology. You will learn via a combination of theory, laboratory, computer and field practicals developing graduate skills in diverse and fascinating topics from the molecule to the animal. These may include DNA extraction, genetics, microbiology, and plant and animal biodiversity, and gaining skills in microscopy and computational analysis of data. You will also examine scientific research ethics and the broader philosophy of science. In short you will be prepared not only for the rest of your course and be equipped with practical scientific skills which will make you a better biologist, but will also become a confident scientist in a wide range of different practical settings.
View the full module definitionMathematics is an essential skill for any scientist. Mathematics for the Biosciences will provide you with the core mathematical skills required to perform tasks in experimental design, data collection and data interpretation. You will be taught via interactive lectures, tutorials and team-based learning activities to develop your skills, applying these to biomedical science case studies. The subjects we will cover include arithmetic and algebra, scientific notation, moles, molarity and dilutions, handling data and data presentation, and basic statistical analyses. In addition, you will apply your skills to the scientific principles of reaction rates, equilibria and growth curves. You will develop numeracy and IT skills while completing activities using statistical packages for data analysis. You will also gain team-working and problem-solving skills through team based learning with interactive activities. The skills you develop from this module will assist you in careers such as biomedical science, medical fields, laboratory-based scientific research, data science and analytical roles.
View the full module definitionMicrobiology is the study of microorganisms - organisms that are too small to be seen without magnification. The taxonomic diversity of microorganisms is reflected in the huge diversity of their lifestyles. In this module you will explore the major groups of microorganism: bacteria, archaea, algae, fungi, protists and viruses. In so doing, you will learn the basic concepts of microbiology and apply them to a scientific understanding of the subject area. You will consider the diversity of microorganisms from many different perspectives including their cell structure (if present), function, taxonomy and ecology. Microorganisms have a long, often negative, association with humans. You will study their importance as pathogens, as well as useful applications, and the increasingly important area of antimicrobial resistance. You will be introduced to the latest advances in microbiology, through a series of laboratory-based classes, where you will also be trained in handling microorganisms and using aseptic techniques to prepare cultures. You will also gain the fundamental practical skills required by microbiologists and biomedical scientists, including performing Gram stains, viable counts, sub-culturing techniques, and maintaining safe and efficient working practices. You will practise in state-of-the-art lab spaces, working in teams, preparing you for work in lab-based careers particularly in biomedical science environments.
View the full module definitionThe ways in which animals cope with the demands of everyday life, from feeding, moving and respiring to sensing the outside world and each other are as diverse as the animals themselves Within this module you will examine the ways in which an animal’s anatomy, physiology and behaviour allow them to adapt for survival and reproduction. You will examine the variety of ways in which an animal's anatomy and physiology are adaptations to the many tasks it faces to survive. Particular emphasis will be placed on comparing the solutions evolved to similar tasks by the various animal groups both vertebrate and invertebrate. Through a series of integrated lectures, practical sessions and active learning, you will examine main themes of cell biology, homeostasis, communication, locomotion and the function of the different organ systems in a variety of different organisms. Our study of animal behaviour will investigate the philosophy and multidisciplinary origins of the scientific study of behaviour. A synthesis of the fields of psychology and animal behaviour will be presented to you using a framework of proximate (developmental and mechanistic) and ultimate (functional and phylogenetic) explanations. You will also investigate behaviour through evolutionary processes, gene expression and environmental contributions. You will develop a strong scientific foundation in animal physiology and behaviour and the ecology of the animal. You will also develop transferable employability skills including self-management, organisational skills, resilience, critical thinking. IT, teamwork and communication & literacy; necessary in subsequent modules and biological careers.
View the full module definitionEcology is the science of how organisms relate to each other and their surroundings. Without a thorough understanding of ecology, we cannot develop effective conservation actions to ensure species and habitat protection. You will be introduced to the key aspects of these crucially important issues, building your knowledge of terminology and the role of ecological science in creating a sustainable planet. You will explore organisms and their environment, the interactions between them and the concept of the ecological niche. To start with you will consider key taxonomic groups such as birds, mammals, amphibians and reptiles, with some focus on species found in Britain. You will then explore the key conservation and management issues for each major group and for exemplar species. You will also consider changes in the distribution and abundance of wildlife, for example the challenges around invasive species, climate change, pollution and habitat loss and fragmentation. Next you will take a broader look at ecology across a range of taxa including plants, invertebrates and vertebrates. You will learn through a variety of lectures, practical lab work and team-based learning. You will enjoy hearing from guest speakers and participating in field trips, such as visiting nature reserves and a grey seal colony. You will therefore build the basic skills and knowledge required for a range of careers in ecology, conservation or wildlife biology.
View the full module definitionAt Anglia Ruskin University we strive to ensure that you receive an outstanding academic education and student experience and understand that, whilst embedding employability skills within the credit-bearing curriculum is important, it is only part of the set of achievements needed in order to obtain career employment. This 0-credit module will be used to track and verify the progress students have made with respect to key employability skills and endeavour. You will work closely with their personal tutor, SU Volunteering Service, Study Skills Plus, and the Faculty Employability Advisor to engage with co-curricular and extracurricular opportunities and activities to enhance their personal attributes.
View the full module definitionEntering higher education is exciting; but it can also be a daunting experience. At ARU, we want all our students to make the most of the opportunities higher education provides, reach your potential, become lifelong learners and find fulfilling careers. However, we appreciate that the shift from secondary education, or a return to formal education is, in itself, quite a journey. This module is designed to ease that transition. You'll be enrolled on it as soon as you receive an offer from ARU so you can begin to learn about university life before your course starts. Through Into ARU, you'll explore a virtual land modelled around ARU values: Courage, Innovation, Community, Integrity, Responsibility, and Ambition. This innovative module is designed as a game, where you collect knowledge and complete mini tasks. You'll proceed at your own pace, though we you to have completed your Into ARU exploration by week 6. If for any reason you're unable to complete by that date, we'll signpost to existing services so that we can be confident that you are supported.
We live in the age of genetics and genomics, with breakthroughs in our understanding of genetic diseases and potential cures regularly featured in the news. The pace of discovery in this field makes this an exciting time to be learning genetics. You will gain knowledge and understanding of the fundamental principles of genetics and how we can answer questions such as: How are genetic diseases inherited? How do scientists find out about complex diseases which are affected by both genes and environmental factors? How can you find out how common a genetic disease is in a population? You will discover how the study of genes offers a biologically-based explanation for morphological, physiological, and behavioural traits of an organism. You will gain insights into how genetics provides a mechanism for the generation and maintenance of variation; the raw material for evolution. We firstly consider the classical patterns of inheritance, building on concepts you will have covered in level 4. You will develop an understanding of the relationship between genotype and phenotype through an integration of concepts at the organismal, cellular and molecular levels. You will investigate gross structural chromosome mutations and the phenotypic consequences of these mutation, and will learn how classical and modern techniques are used for establishing the physical locations of genes. You will gain insights into gene function and the genetic basis of many diseases, and go on to look at how traits may be determined by many genes and how genes interact with environmental factors. You will learn to use mathematical methods to analyse genetic variation found in populations. You will learn how gene expression is regulated in the development genetics, and look the genetics of cancer. Modern tools of genetic research and analysis are incorporated throughout the module. Your understanding of genetic processes will be developed through a variety of problems, case studies, simple breeding experiments and other practicals. As well as gaining specific subject knowledge, this module helps you to develop a number of transferable skills including practical laboratory techniques and skills relevant to general employment including data collection, handling and presentation and report writing. You will have an opportunity to hear guest speakers talking about their careers in the field of genetics. The content of the module is an essential part of your training towards a career in biomedical science.
View the full module definitionRuskin Modules are designed to prepare our students for a complex, challenging and changing future. These interdisciplinary modules provide the opportunity to further broaden your perspectives, develop your intellectual flexibility and creativity. You will work with others from different disciplines to enable you to reflect critically on the limitations of a single discipline to solve wider societal concerns. You will be supported to create meaningful connections across disciplines to apply new knowledge to tackle complex problems and key challenges. Ruskin Modules are designed to grow your confidence, seek and maximise opportunities to realise your potential to give you a distinctive edge and enhance your success in the workplace.
The scientific method and experimental design underpins every aspect of being a scientist. As individuals on a science-based degree course you are expected to develop your research and employability skills. This module is a critical first step in your journey through to your final honours degree qualification, providing an opportunity to develop the research skills that you will employ in your final year independent research project. As part of this module you will also have the opportunity to enhance your real-life work chances through the development of your employability skills. Through lectures and active learning sessions you will develop skills in research design and critical thinking. We will utilise team-based learning to develop collaborative approaches to the development of your employability skills including teamwork, data analysis and presentation skills. With reference to recent research studies, you will develop your own creative flair along with your friends and peers. You will also have the opportunity to learn and practice standard tools used in data analysis, including statistics and data presentation packages that can be employed across your whole degree, and most importantly in your final year project.
View the full module definitionAt Anglia Ruskin University we strive to ensure that you receive an outstanding academic education and student experience and understand that, whilst embedding employability skills within the credit-bearing curriculum is important, it is only part of the set of achievements needed in order to obtain career employment. This 0-credit module will be used to track and verify the progress students have made with respect to key employability skills and endeavour. You will work closely with their personal tutor, SU Volunteering Service, Study Skills Plus, and the Faculty Employability Advisor to engage with co-curricular and extracurricular opportunities and activities to enhance their personal attributes.
View the full module definitionVertebrates account for fewer than 1% of known species of animal life and yet they (including humans) are some of the most successful and widely adapted animals on earth. They occupy terrestrial, arboreal or marine habitats and have several different forms of locomotion. In this module you will focus on evolution, embryology and developmental genetics, and the comparative anatomy and physiology of vertebrates within a taxonomic framework. You will learn cladistical analysis (species classification) to help you to understand the evolution and taxonomy of vertebrates, exploring why they have evolved in certain ways, using skull analysis to support your learning. You will learn the processes of dissection to allow you to make comparisons of different anatomical structure and function and evaluate the differences you discover. You will also develop key employability skills including critical thinking, teamwork, resilience as well as self-management, IT and communication. Vertebrate biology provides detailed knowledge of the embryological processes and developmental genetics and vertebrate structural, functional and anatomical adaptations all leading to a variety of careers in the life sciences.
View the full module definitionWe share our world with a vast array of invertebrates, which account for over 99% of the 1.2 million or so animal species so far described. In this module you will be introduced to the diverse world of invertebrates focussing on aspects of their biology, ecology and behaviour. You will learn about invertebrate classification and you will practise relevant sampling and identification skills. Coverage of structural biology leads on to physiological functioning and consideration of adaptations that allow invertebrates to fill a range of specialised ecological niches. The major impacts that invertebrates have on both natural and man-made ecosystems lead on to applied topics, such as the impact of insect pests in agriculture. You will also consider various other aspects of invertebrate biology, such as their role in decomposition, the biology of social insects, insect-plant interactions, pollination and their survival in extreme environments. Since most invertebrate species remain to be discovered, anyone equipped with a few basic observational and experimental skills can make a significant contribution to this fascinating area of science. Field- and laboratory-based practical sessions are an important component of what you will gain from this module. The fieldwork and identification skills you will be introduced to are important in ecological consultancy and researchbased careers. You will also gain further practice in transferable skills such as data analysis and written communication skills that are valuable in a wide range of careers.
View the full module definitionTo be sustainable, the environment must meet the needs of present and future generations, while ensuring profitability, environmental health, and social and economic equity. These principles are encapsulated in the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. We shall briefly discuss these principles and goals, which will then act as a ‘golden thread’ throughout the module, and the course. Plants and algae account for 82% of the world’s biomass and are the basis of almost all ecosystems, as well as providing a substantial proportion of the world’s oxygen. They are thus central to planning for a sustainable future. The extraordinary diversity of plants is due to a wide variety of physiological strategies, that have allowed them to adapt to varying environments of different parts of the earth. We shall examine the relationship between the anatomy and physiology of a range of different plant species, as well as their molecular and biochemical mechanisms. Their growth and development is a major contributor to the spread and survival of plants at all stages of their life cycle, and we will analyse the links between changes in the environment and the physiological responses that enable plants to survive the challenges to which they are constantly exposed. We will investigate how plants obtain light, nutrients, and water, and how these are processed and distributed within the plant. We will then discuss the effects of environmental change on plant growth. We shall also discuss aspects of horticulture, agriculture and forestry, where the competing needs of sustainability collide. These aspects will be explored in more detail in later modules. Microbiology is the study of microorganisms - including bacteria, archaea, fungi and protists - that are too small to be seen without magnification, and yet account for 17% of total biomass. The wide variety of different types of microorganisms is reflected in the huge diversity of their lifestyles. You’ll explore the major groups of microorganisms, learning the basic concepts of microbiology and applying them to a scientific understanding of the subject area. You’ll consider the diversity of microorganisms from many different perspectives, including their cell structure, function, taxonomy and ecology. Microorganisms have a long, often negative, association with humans. You’ll study their importance as pathogens, and increasingly important areas such as antimicrobial resistance, but we will also look at current and potential useful applications. We will discuss how microbes can be utilised as sources of medicine, food and other products; their interaction with plants and animals; and their potential to provide solutions to some of the environmental issues generated by humans.
View the full module definitionPractical laboratory skills are essential for a wide variety of careers available to BSc (Hons) Biomedical Science graduates. You will develop your competency and experience in a wide variety of laboratory skills essential to anyone working in a laboratory. You will gain the knowledge and understanding of basic practical laboratory techniques (such as laboratory-based maths skills, pipetting, weighing chemicals, and making solutions). You will gain experience and insight into the manipulation and analysis of DNA in silico using contemporary bioinformatics techniques, and will apply this knowledge in the laboratory, where you will clone genes and express proteins. You will conduct experiments and analyse and quantify your results, and will be monitored on your practical competency and the ability to document your work. A key part of this module is to educate you in Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) and instruction in health and safety practices that are required of biomedical scientists in research and clinical laboratories. You will also develop key employability skills through taking part in activities such as presenting data, computing skills, organising your work, managing time, and working in both a team environment and as an individual. On completing this module you will be equipped with a variety of skills that will assist you in different laboratory-based areas, including bioinformatics, clinical biomedical science, research laboratory work, or in biotechnology companies.
View the full module definitionThis module is designed to develop your experience and understanding of techniques that are used to generate Bioinformatic data, in both clinical and research settings. You will be provided with experience in a variety of skills appropriate to the key subjects of Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology. In addition to equipping you with requisite programming and mathematical skills, there is continued engagement with good laboratory practice that is required of scientists in research and clinical laboratories. You are also provided with further experience in the analysis of experimental data. Additionally, this module introduces you to techniques and data science skills that can underpin data analysis performed in the final year research project. The majority of the teaching will be through practical classes where you will gain hands-on experience of the techniques taught. Lectures are used to provide further theoretical background to the techniques used and the processes required for the analysis, interpretation and presentation of results. Lectures and feedback sessions take place during practical classes where appropriate. Teaching is predominantly delivered by ARU lecturers, but where appropriate lecturers from outside ARU are employed to provide expert tuition, professional support and assistance.
View the full module definitionHaving gained extensive background knowledge, you will have the opportunity to develop your skills in the various components of field biology and put them into practice in a week-long residential field course. You will acquire the research techniques necessary to conduct fieldwork in temperate habitats, starting with the use of taxonomic keys to identify UK fauna and flora, a key skill for those wanting to work with conservation programmes and ecological consultancies. You will complete a set of exercises during the first part of the field course, where you will receive training in field techniques within marine, terrestrial and behavioural ecology. These short-term group exercises will be your introduction to conducting comprehensive field research projects from start to finish. You will then as a group choose to present the results from one of these exercises. Presentations are a major part of scientific conferences where research findings are formally discussed; thus this process will introduce you to the important transferable skills of field project implementation, analysis and communication. Careful project design is vital to ensuring the successful completion of field-based investigations. In the second part of the module, you will learn how to develop a specific research question under the guidance of an academic supervisor, and review relevant literature to support your idea. You will then develop appropriate methods of data collection and analyses, and carry this project out on the field trip, culminating in the production of an individual research project report. This module therefore also allows you to develop key transferable skills in self-management, problem-solving, teamwork, and scientific communication, ideal for future employment in the ecological sector and in research roles more widely.
View the full module definitionAnimal health and disease are broad and fascinating topics. We will focus on the contribution of nutrition and parasites to health and disease, discussing how animals interact with food from a biochemical point of view, how changes in nutrition can affect health, and how animals deal with parasites. Nutrition is a crucial factor in animal health - after all, you are what you eat. Therefore, what should we feed animals in our care? We will also discuss how different parasites affect animal health, the effects these parasites have on the health of their human caretakers, and how diseases can spread through a population and between species. You will learn through a combination of lectures, practical sessions, including laboratory analysis, problem solving and computer simulations, giving you ample opportunity to delve into the world of animal health and disease from different angles. In doing so you will hone your skills in nutritional analysis, parasite identification and assessment of parasite burden. These skills are applicable to careers in a range of sectors, such as analytical laboratories in the pet food industry, zoos, and animal rescue centres. We will also discuss how evolution has provided the world with a fascinating diversity of highly adapted pathogens, and ask fundamental questions such as how hosts avoid parasites and whether parasites can actually change the behaviour of animals. Knowledge about nutrition and disease is fundamental for anyone planning on working closely with animals, whether your own pet, in zoos, or wildlife in general.
View the full module definitionModern technological developments that enable us to study the natural world include Geographical Information Systems (GIS), an invaluable tool which allows us to monitor a variety of aspects in nature, including species distribution. You will learn valuable practical skills in the use of GIS within biological sciences, includes the concepts of the system and the training on how to use the tools. You will learn how to use the software and the various techniques during practical sessions and will also apply your knowledge to relevant case studies. During your practical sessions, you will explore a variety of online spatial data resources relevant to the study of terrestrial and marine organisms in the context of ecological and behavioural studies and wildlife conservation, at both local and global scales. These include species distribution, protected areas, habitat maps, physical and climate data, and remote sensing. You will be introduced to free-to-use Open Source GIS software (QGIS) and will also learn to apply your Global Positioning System (GPS) skills to capture locations in the field and map them. The latest developments in tracking device technology will also be covered, and you will learn how to represent and analyse data acquired from these devices. Knowledge of GIS and the uses of these techniques are valuable practical skills, both on this course and in your future employment in a wide range of industries due to the transferable nature of the software. Furthermore, the skills you develop in data management and analysis, scientific writing, problem solving and critical thinking will prepare you for a wide range of careers.
View the full module definitionThe biomolecules, proteins, DNA, and RNA, are at the heart of biological processes; their functions are determined by their structures and by their interactions with one another. Understanding of structure-function relationships is essential to the understanding of diseases, and to the design of drugs that can target biological process. Generating experimental data is difficult, expensive and technically limited. Predicting data from a model is more cost effective and has fewer constraints. This module will focus on molecular structures and their representation, and how this relates to function. You'll study and use protein and RNA secondary structure prediction tools and investigate how family and domain databases make use of those tools in large-scale analysis. You'll explore different tertiary structure (3D) prediction methods such as homology, and fold recognition, and you'll make use of the tools applying these methods. You'll be trained on how to query the Protein Data Bank in Europe (PDBe), the database of experimental protein/RNA 3D structures, and to use 3D structure visualization tools. Proteomics is the large-scale study of proteins, and can identify post-translational modifications (PTMs), protein-protein interaction (PPIs) and other protein interactions. Proteomics can also validate protein sequence experimentally and is used to identify and quantify protein expression. You'll explore the different aspects of proteomics and how this field is used to diagnose disease, and to validate hypotheses experimentally. You'll learn how to perform protein identification and analysis, and you'll learn the statistical methods associated with proteomic studies. You'll also be introduced to proteomic databases and how to make use of them.
View the full module definitionThe Undergraduate Project module allows you to create in a substantial piece of individual research and/or product development work, focused on a topic relevant to your specific discipline or career of your interest. Applying the skills learnt in the Preparation for Research module, you will be able to plan a topic of research, provide a critical view on the current literature, design, carry out and trouble-shoot experiments and present your findings in both a written report and a seminar presentation. Throughout this module you will meet with your assigned supervisor who guide you through the process. The project provides an opportunity to for you to showcase your talent and can be used as a springboard for your future career prospects. To this end you should be able to evidence a range of key skills; including self-management, teamwork, resilience and complex problem solving.
View the full module definitionHow do single cells that contain the same genetic material divide and differentiate into the wide variety of specialised cells that make up a multicellular organism? How do populations of cells become organised into complex three-dimensional body patterns? How do changes in development result in the vast array of organisms that are adapted to their environment, and are responsive to changes? In this module you will, through a study of cell biology, genetics and development, be able to address these questions. We will look at how our current understanding of developmental biology has depended on work done on a small number of model organisms, including the nematode worm, fruit fly, frog, mouse chick and zebrafish. We will look at the cutting-edge techniques of cell and molecular biology which are used to understand the complexities of cell behaviour. You will be equipped with an understanding of the toolkit available for the study of multicellular organisms, which are applicable to a wide range of fields both in the lab and the field.
Sustainable development depends on people worldwide working together towards a common goal, of ensuring the survival of the planet for future generations. However, there are hugely competing needs at all levels. It is essential to understand what these forces are, and how governments and businesses around the world compete for diminishing resources, based on the needs of their populations, infrastructure, politics and economics. Governments are funded by the taxes they raise from businesses and the individuals that work for them and so there is both a link and a conflict between the resource needs of businesses and the needs of the population and the environment they live in. The United Nations has coalesced its ideas into the 17 Sustainable Development Goals – we shall discuss whether these are attainable, and what the conflicting demands are for meeting these goals. It is hugely important for scientists in the field of sustainability to understand how to communicate science to different audiences, to negotiate amid these conflicting forces, and to arrive at solutions which can be agreed by everyone. In this module, we shall discuss aspects of the public understanding of science and the importance of evidence-based communication; develop an awareness of environmental economics, such as the uses of ecosystems services, and aspects such as carbon offsetting; be aware of aspects of environmental ethics, regulations and law; develop an understanding of environmental psychology and effective communication; and enhance your understanding of politics, globalisation, and international development and how these affect the drive to a sustainable future. We shall also review the use of the sustainable development (SD) tools, which allow us to assess the impact of interventions, and apply these to case studies.
View the full module definitionBiogeography explores the distribution of living things in both space and time, and how they have been affected by global change. This 'synthetic' science contains elements of climatology, geology, geography and computer applications, but is firmly rooted in biology. Many 19th-century naturalists, including Darwin, wrote the fundamental theories on large scale distribution patterns within the natural world. We will use computer technologies to verify and model these theories. You will use a group of animals, plants or microbes that is of interest to you, as a model to show your understanding of ‘biogeography’ through computer analyses of distribution and physical and molecular characteristics appropriate to your group. You will combine your analyses with maps of modern and ancient Earth to develop an integrated, evolutionary history of your chosen group. You will become proficient with a range of relevant computer techniques including cluster analysis, ordination methods, area cladograms, and track analysis, as well as phylogenetic analysis of both the structure and DNA of your chosen group of organisms. This module will enable you to become familiar with arrange of computer software which will support your work and give you key competencies in data handling.
View the full module definitionEcophysiology is the interrelationship between an organism's physiology and the environment, including the effects of climate, nutrient availability and species interactions that allows specialisms in niche separation, success in extreme habitats, enhanced fecundity, and ultimately survival of the species. In addition, an important emerging research field of conservation physiology studies organisms' physiological responses to human-made environmental change, required for the development of conservation strategies in areas under stress. We'll critically analyse the limits imposed on organisms by their physiology. We'll investigate the cellular, molecular and genetic mechanisms that underpin animal adaptations to environmental conditions, in vertebrate and invertebrate organisms, both marine and terrestrial. These are central mechanisms which underpin animal diversity and adaptation. While many extreme environments pose a stress on organisms, with potential disruption of homeostasis, the organisms that live in these environments are able to grow, mature, and reproduce under otherwise challenging conditions. We can determine how a given species copes with an extreme environment through studies of specific physiological mechanisms, and apply these findings to conservation strategies.
View the full module definitionThe relationships between humans and animals are complex, and the actions of humans towards animals in domestic, working, captive and natural contexts can profoundly influence the behaviour and welfare of animals. Through the exploration of what underpins human behaviour towards animals, you will develop graduate skills to effectively influence career professions such as animal caretakers, captive animal and animal rescue centre staff and veterinary nurses. You will gain an understanding of the relevant aspects of human psychology as they relate to human-animal interactions, and thereby learn how to effectively manage human behaviour in relation to animals that are pets, therapy animals, working animals, farm, research or captive/wild animals. We will explore factors that influence the human-animal bond, including how animals affect human physical, physiological and mental health. You will develop your ability to employ survey techniques as tools to utilise the understanding of human-animal interactions and to design information and guidance to improve negative attitudes towards animals and enhance positive attitudes. Working in teams throughout the module, you will collaboratively construct and apply your knowledge of the different topics with the module content. Utilising guest lecturers from appropriate professional environments, the influence of legal and ethical frameworks on human-animal interactions will be considered and evaluated. You will gain an understanding of the factors which strongly influence human-animal relationships, such that you will be able to relate effectively to staff engaged in work within captive animal environments, rescue centres, other professionals e.g. vets/vet nurses, the general public, and those with negative attitudes towards animals.
View the full module definitionEnhance your microbiology skills and knowledge by gaining a deeper understanding of microbial pathogenicity, which is essentially how microbes cause disease. Through a series of hands-on lab sessions, lectures and seminars you will explore 'host-pathogen' interactions during infection, particularly exploring how microbes have evolved to cause damage to the host. A major focus will be on bacterial diseases of humans and animals but you will also consider fungal, parasitic and viral diseases. You will study the virulence mechanisms of a number of important pathogenic bacteria using exemplars, providing you with an in-depth knowledge of specific pathogens including zoonoses. You will cover virulence gene regulation, the delivery of virulence factors, and their underpinning genetics. We will also discuss how some 'friendly bacteria', otherwise known as commensals, are able to cause disease and become opportunistic pathogens under certain conditions. In addition we will be studying how bacteria become resistant to antibiotics and ask the question what does this mean for the future fight against bacteria. We will briefly cover vaccination and how research scientists are developing vaccines. If you are interested in careers such as microbiology in the pharmaceutical industry, as a researcher or a lab technician, this module will help support your future goals.
View the full module definitionMolecular cell biology is at the cutting edge of modern biological and biomedical science. We will be building on your knowledge and understanding of cell structure and function at the molecular level, questioning evidence from experiments that have contributed to our modern understanding of concepts and models of cell function. You will explore techniques such as fluorescence microscopy, viral transfection and recombinant DNA technology, bioinformatics, and the range of methods for isolating proteins and DNA. You will investigate the molecular structure and biological function of cell organelles, looking in detail at processes such as regulation of gene expression, signal transduction, protein trafficking, endocytosis, and cytoskeletal changes. We will look throughout at examples of diseases where cell biology is altered, concluding in a focus on cancer. Throughout this module we will encourage you to question how we know what we know. A focus on problem-solving will help you to develop essential scientific employability skills including the ability to question experimental evidence, apply experimental logic, and devise, sustain and present scientific arguments. You will also develop practical and bioinformatics skills, key to being a successful modern molecular cell biologist.
View the full module definitionAs the culmination of your degree, we will be looking at the cutting edge of research in aspects of biomedical science and that will also foster your future employability by exposing you to options available in the field. Bioinformatics and data science are growing disciplines that biomedical scientists are expected to be familiar with and increasingly utilise in a laboratory setting. You'll be given training in the latest skills required for analysis of Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) data and clinical interpretation. You'll hear talks by internal and external experts in the field. Sessions will focus on the latest areas of research, with discussion of the implications for cutting edge technologies, as well as highlighting different postgraduate research and employment opportunities in genomic technologies and medical genetics. You'll develop a detailed knowledge and critical understanding of topics at the forefront of genomics. You'll be invited to participate in discussions of the ethical, legal and societal impacts (ELSI) of the research you learn about. Coursework for the module focuses on student-centred learning, helping you to expand upon and improve your capacity for scientific thought and independent work. In the coursework assignments, you'll be given the freedom to pursue those aspects of bioinformatics that excite you the most. Your understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of the latest analysis techniques will be further developed by critically evaluating cutting-edge research presented by guest researchers, including from the Wellcome Genome Campus.
View the full module definitionFollowing on from preceding modules focussed on aspects of plant and microbial sciences, in your final year you'll explore the wider applications of cutting-edge technologies available to meet the needs of a sustainable future. Here, we'll explore a range of topics focussed around the threats to a sustainable future such as maintaining food security while preserving the natural environment in the face of desertification, soil degradation and global warming; excessive use of antibiotics and the threat of antimicrobial resistance; effects of anthropogenic change on the natural environment including deforestation and pollution; the threat of pests to crops, and issues resulting from mass use of pesticides etc. We'll also review the emerging technologies that provide hope that we can reverse or ameliorate many of these dangers. We'll explore topics such as: synthetic biology (redesigning organisms to have new abilities); harnessing bacteria as a bioresource for novel pharmaceuticals and foodstuffs and the promise of ‘lab-grown’ meat; utilisation of viruses to combat bacteria new plant breeding approaches and the development of sustainable agriculture; use of genetically modified organisms; integrated pest management. Topics will evolve as new threats emerge and technology develops to keep pace. You'll develop an appreciation of the problems and challenges posed by both current and future biological resource production systems as they impact on food production, the environment, social welfare and the economy. You'll learn to work with interconnectedness and complexity in a systemic context, synthesising information from diverse sources, and interrogating data to offer a range of potential solutions, while understanding the implications of any proposed changes.
The studies of biological evolution and biodiversity have been revolutionised by new advances in the studies of both the organisms themselves, as well as studies of the environments that they live in. On the biological side, the advent of population genomics, paleogenomics, phylogenomics, metagenomics, and environmental DNA, have allowed us to understand biological evolution both within, and between populations, with a scale and precision not before possible. Similarly, advances in satellite and drone imagery, and better modelling of past and present climates, have improved our understanding of the environments that drove evolutionary change. This module will 1) provide the theoretical background needed to understand these scientific advances, 2) survey the recent primary literature to provide an overview of the current state of evolutionary biological knowledge, and 3) provide hands on instruction and training in the bioinformatics and computational genomics software and techniques necessary for leading edge evolutionary research. We'll consider evolution across the biological spectrum, but with a particular focus on human and primate evolution as highly studied exemplars. The first half of the module will focus on evolutionary theory as it applies within species (population genetics, population biology), between species (phylogenetics), and among environments (biodiversity). This will provide the theoretical and practical grounding necessary to fully appreciate recent breakthroughs in the field. In the second half of the module, we'll go on to survey the literature focusing on recent advances in appropriate and cutting-edge topics.
View the full module definitionThis module will build on the mathematical, biological and computational material that you'll have been taught in previous modules. You'll learn how to integrate and apply concepts from the fields of biology, physics, computer science and mathematics to predict and visualise the behaviour of biological systems. You'll be taught how to create models for complex biological systems, analyse multi-scale computational models of biological processes, and review the biological applicability of these models. You'll explore the assumptions associated with computational modelling of biological systems and the modelling approaches most suitable to the level of prior knowledge available for a given biological system. The module will focus on computational modelling methods that are currently employed in the field of systems biology. You'll start by reviewing data collection approaches for complex biosystems - i.e. proteomics, metabolomics, trancriptomics and microscopy – and the process of integrating such data. You'll learn about the properties of biological networks and the different aspects of network analysis. The module will then shift its focus to the computational approaches that may be applied to reconstruct and visualise biological networks and models. You'll build upon your prior knowledge of R and the Python programming language gained in previous modules; topics covered will encompass R and Python models for networks, simulation, statistics, data analysis and data visualisation. In practical sessions, you'll have the opportunity to code and test the theory taught in the lectures.
The tropical regions of our world have always held a fascination for biologists due the amazing and varied biodiversity that can be found there. You will be able to experience some of this firsthand on the tropical ecology field course, which forms the core of this module. You will also have a series of classroom-based learning sessions with a mixture of lectures and interactive learning. On the field course you will work in groups to undertake fieldwork on a range of aspects of tropical ecology and you will visit one or more locations to observe, record and interpret various aspects of tropical fauna, flora and habitats. Through your experience of the country where the field course takes place and the classroom-based sessions, you will be made aware of a range of anthropogenic influences and pressures on tropical habitats (e.g. effects of population growth, tourism, economic development etc) and how these relate to conservation. The field course normally takes place in the time of between levels 5 and 6 (years 2 and 3) and is self-funded. The field trip can be challenging physically, and you will find yourself living in more basic conditions than you may be used to. If you are interested in researching in the tropics or in conservation-based careers more generally, this module provides very valuable practical experience. You will gain a greater understanding of complex ecosystems and conservation issues as well as the very different cultural contexts that can be found in the tropics. The fieldwork you will practise in this module are valued in ecological consultancy and research-based jobs. You will also gain further practice in transferable skills such as teamwork, data analysis and written communication skills that are useful in a wide range of employment.
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